@inproceedings{Warnock2011b,
abstract = {The primary users of home care technology often have significant sensory impairments. Multimodal interaction can make home care technology more accessible and appropriate, but most research in the field of multimodal notifications is aimed at office or high-pressure environments instead of the home. Two experiments were carried out that evaluated the subjective workload of responding to visual, auditory, tactile and olfactory notifications (simulating home care reminders) while carrying out a primary task (a card matching memory game). The subjective measurements and observations revealed that participants were open-minded about the possibilities and applications of these modalities, suggesting that home care technology should embrace a much wider range of interaction methods than are currently used.},
address = {Dublin, Ireland},
author = {Warnock, David},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/warnockd/Desktop/Research Papers/2011/Warnock - A Subjective Evaluation of Multimodal Notifications.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Concentration,Context,Games,Hardware,Heating,Multimodal Interaction,Multimodal interfaces,Olfactory,Speech,Visualization,accessibility and usability,auditory notifications,health care,home care technology,multimodal interaction,multimodal notifications,olfactory notifications,sensory impairments,subjective evaluation,tactile notifications,technology in healthcare,user interfaces,visual notifications},
mendeley-tags = {Concentration,Multimodal Interaction},
pages = {461--468},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
series = {Pervasive Health},
title = {{A Subjective Evaluation of Multimodal Notifications}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs\_all.jsp?arnumber=6038849},
year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{Warnock2012b,
abstract = {My work aims to contribute to the development of home care reminder systems through the development of dynamic multimodal notification technology, able to select a notification modality based on user, environmental and message factors such as sensory impairment and social context. This work involves (1) investigating different properties of notification modalities, (2) establishing guidelines for their use as notifications in the home, (3) creating a prototype dynamic multimodal home reminder system and (4) evaluating it in home trials. At present, work on part two is being completed and preparations have begun for the third part of this research.},
address = {Austin, Texas, USA},
author = {Warnock, David},
booktitle = {CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
doi = {10.1145/2212776.2212873},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/warnockd/Desktop/Research Papers/2012/Warnock - The Application of Multiple Modalities for Improved Home Care Reminders.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-1-4503-1016-1},
keywords = {home care,multimodal,notifications,reminders},
pages = {951--954},
publisher = {ACM Press},
series = {CHI EA '12},
title = {{The Application of Multiple Modalities for Improved Home Care Reminders}},
url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2212776.2212873},
year = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{Warnock2011c,
abstract = {Multimodal interaction can be used to make home care technology more effective and appropriate, particularly for people with sensory impairments. Previous work has revealed how disruptive notifications in different modalities are to a home-based task, but has not investigated how disruptive unwanted notifications might be. An experiment was conducted which evaluated the disruptive effects of unwanted notifications when delivered in textual, pictographic, abstract visual, speech, earcon, auditory icon, tactile and olfactory modalities. It was found that for all the modalities tested, both wanted and unwanted notifications produced similar reductions in error rate and task success, independent of modality. The results demonstrate the need to control and limit the number of unwanted notifications delivered in the home and contribute to a large body of work advocating the inclusion of multiple interaction modalities.},
address = {Alicante, Spain},
author = {Warnock, David and McGee-Lennon, Marilyn and Brewster, Stephen},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces},
doi = {10.1145/2070481.2070510},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/warnockd/Desktop/Research Papers/2011/Warnock, McGee-Lennon, Brewster - The Impact of Unwanted Multimodal Notifications.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781450306416},
keywords = {Concentration,Distractions,Multimodal Interaction,home care,multimodal interaction,reminders},
mendeley-tags = {Concentration,Distractions,Multimodal Interaction},
pages = {177--184},
publisher = {ACM Press},
series = {ICMI '11},
title = {{The Impact of Unwanted Multimodal Notifications}},
url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2070510},
year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{Warnock2013,
abstract = {Multimodal interaction can make home care reminder sys- tems more accessible to their users, most of whom are older and/or have sensory impairments. Existing research into the properties of different notification modalities have used younger participants rather than members of the older popu- lation at which they are aimed. This paper presents the results of a user study with older adults that examined how different notifications modalities affected (a) performance in a card matching game and (b) how effective the different modali- ties were at delivering information. Participants were all aged over 50 and notifications were delivered using textual, picto- graphic, abstract visual, speech, Earcon, Auditory Icon, tac- tile and olfactory modalities while playing the game. The re- sults showed that older users were influenced by the same fac- tors as younger users, yet there were subjective differences. The implications for the design of multimodal reminder sys- tems for home care are discussed.},
address = {Paris, France},
author = {Warnock, David and McGee-Lennon, Marilyn and Brewster, Stephen},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
doi = {10.1145/2466110.2466139},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/warnockd/Desktop/Research Papers/2013/Warnock, McGee-Lennon, Brewster - Multiple Notification Modalities and Older Users.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781450318990},
keywords = {Multimodal,Notifications,Older Users,Reminders},
pages = {1091--1094},
publisher = {ACM Press},
series = {CHI '13},
title = {{Multiple Notification Modalities and Older Users}},
url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2466110.2466139},
year = {2013}
}
@inproceedings{Warnock2011a,
abstract = {The primary users of home care technology often have significant sensory impairments. Multimodal interaction can make home care technology more accessible and appropriate, yet most research in the field of multimodal notifications is not aimed at the home but at office or high-pressure environments. This paper presents an experiment that compared the disruptiveness and effectiveness of visual, auditory, tactile and olfactory notifications. The results showed that disruption in the primary task was the same regardless of the notification modality. It was also found that differences in notification effectiveness were due to the inherent traits of a modality, e.g.olfactory notifications were slowest to deliver. The results of this experiment allow researchers and developers to capitalize on the different properties of multimodal techniques, with significant implications for home care technology and technology targeted at users with sensory impairments.},
address = {Portugal, Spain},
author = {Warnock, David and McGee-Lennon, Marilyn and Brewster, Stephen},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction - INTERACT 2011},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-23771-3\_43},
editor = {Campos, Pedro and Graham, Nicholas and Jorge, Joaquim and Nunes, Nuno and Palanque, Philippe and Winckler, Marco},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/warnockd/Desktop/Research Papers/2011/Warnock, McGee-Lennon, Brewster - The Role of Modality in Notification Performance.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Concentration,Memory,Multimodal Interaction,accessibility and usability,multimodal interfaces,technol-},
mendeley-tags = {Concentration,Memory,Multimodal Interaction},
pages = {572--588},
publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
title = {{The Role of Modality in Notification Performance}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23771-3\_43},
volume = {6947},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Warnock2012,
abstract = {The primary users of assisted living technology are older people and are likely to have one or more sensory impairments. Multimodal technology allows users to interact via non-impaired senses and provides alternative ways to interact if primary interaction methods fail. An empirical user study was carried out with older participants that evaluated the performance, disruptiveness and subjective workload of visual, audio, tactile and olfactory notifications then compared the results to earlier findings with younger participants. It was found that disruption and subjective workload were not affected by modality, although some modalities were more effective at delivering information accurately. It is concluded that although further studies need to be carried out in a real-world settings, the findings support the argument for multiple modalities in assisted living technology.},
author = {Warnock, David and McGee-Lennon, Marilyn and Brewster, Stephen},
doi = {10.1177/1460458212440979},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/warnockd/Desktop/Research Papers/2012/Warnock, McGee-Lennon, Brewster - Older Users, Multimodal Reminders and Assisted Living Technology.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Health Informatics Journal},
number = {3},
pages = {181--190},
publisher = {SAGE Publications},
title = {{Older Users, Multimodal Reminders and Assisted Living Technology}},
url = {http://jhi.sagepub.com/content/18/3/181.short},
volume = {18},
year = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{Warnock2013a,
author = {Warnock, David and McGee-Lennon, Marilyn and Brewster, Stephen},
booktitle = {British HCI},
title = {{Dynamic Multimodal Reminders for Home Care Systems}},
year = {2013}
}